|
Republik
Indonesia
Republic of
Indonesia
|
|
 |
 |
|
Flag |
Coat of arms |
|
Motto: Bhinneka
Tunggal Ika (Old
Javanese)
Unity in Diversity
National ideology:
Pancasila[1] |
Anthem: Indonesia
Raya
|
|
|
Capital
(and largest city) |
Jakarta
 (land))
6°10.5′S, 106°49.7′E |
|
Official languages |
Indonesian |
|
Demonym |
Indonesian |
|
Government |
Presidential
republic |
|
- |
President |
Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono |
|
- |
Vice President |
Jusuf Kalla |
|
Independence |
|
- |
Declared |
17 August 1945
(formerly
Dutch East Indies) |
|
Area |
|
- |
Total |
1,919,440
(land) kmē (16th)
735,355 sq mi |
|
- |
Water (%) |
4.85 |
|
|
Population |
|
- |
July 2007
est. estimate |
234,693,997 (4th) |
|
- |
2000 census |
206,264,595 |
|
- |
Density |
134/kmē (84th)
347/sq mi |
|
GDP (PPP) |
2007 estimate |
|
- |
Total |
$837.8 billion[2] (16th) |
|
- |
Per capita |
$3,725[2] (120th) |
|
GDP (nominal) |
2007 estimate |
|
- |
Total |
$433 billion[2] (20th) |
|
- |
Per capita |
$1,925[2] (115th) |
|
Gini (2002) |
34.3 |
|
HDI (2007) |
▲ 0.728 (medium) (107th) |
|
Currency |
Rupiah (IDR) |
| Time
zone |
various
(UTC+7 to +9) |
|
Internet TLD |
.id |
|
Calling code |
+62 |
|
The Republic
of Indonesia (IPA: /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziːə/,
/ˌɪndəˈniːziːə/, /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/)
(Indonesian: Republik
Indonesia), is a country in
Southeast Asia. Comprising
17,508 islands, it is the
world's largest archipelagic
state. With a population of 222
million people in 2006[3], it is
the world's fourth most populous
country and the most populous
Muslim-majority nation, although
officially it is not an Islamic
state. Indonesia is a republic,
with an elected parliament and
president. The nation's capital
city is Jakarta. The country
shares land borders with Papua
New Guinea, East Timor and
Malaysia. Other neighboring
countries include Singapore, the
Philippines, Australia, and the
Indian territory of the Andaman
and Nicobar Islands.
The Indonesian archipelago has
been an important trade region
since at least the seventh
century, when the Srivijaya
Kingdom formed trade links with
China. Indonesian history has
been influenced by foreign
powers drawn to its natural
resources. Under Indian
influence, Hindu and Buddhist
kingdoms flourished from the
early centuries CE. Muslim
traders brought Islam, and
European powers fought one
another to monopolize trade in
the Spice Islands of Maluku
during the Age of Discovery.
Following three and a half
centuries of Dutch colonialism,
Indonesia secured its
independence after World War II.
Indonesia's history has since
been turbulent, with challenges
posed by natural disasters,
corruption, separatism, a
democratization process, and
periods of rapid economic
change.
Across its many islands,
Indonesia consists of distinct
ethnic, linguistic, and
religious groups. The Javanese
are the largest and most
politically dominant ethnic
group. As a unitary state and a
nation, Indonesia has developed
a shared identity defined by a
national language, a majority
Muslim population, and a history
of colonialism and rebellion
against it. Indonesia's national
motto, "Bhinneka tunggal ika"
("Unity in Diversity" lit.
"many, yet one"), articulates
the diversity that shapes the
country. However, sectarian
tensions and separatism have led
to violent confrontations that
have undermined political and
economic stability. Despite its
large population and densely
populated regions, Indonesia has
vast areas of wilderness that
support the world's second
highest level of biodiversity.
The country is richly endowed
with natural resources, yet
poverty is a defining feature of
contemporary Indonesia.
